human bone morphogenetic protein 2  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Comparative effects of bone marrow stimulation and shockwave therapy on rotator cuff healing in chronic massive rotator cuff tears: A rat model study

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70622

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of immunohistochemical staining and histopathological assessment from study specimens. (a) At Week 4, Group II, increased neovascularization (asterisk) is observed between collagen fibre bundles (arrow) within the tendon tissue (H&E staining, ×100 magnification). (b) At Week 4, Group II, collagen fibres stained blue and vascular structures were clearly distinguishable (Masson's trichrome staining, ×100 magnification). (c) Strong cytoplasmic immunopositivity for BMP‐7 in multinucleated cell formations, Group III, staining observed in cell clusters at the tendon–bone interface at Week 8 (immunoperoxidase staining, ×400 magnification). (d) Positive immunopositivity for CD34 was observed in vascular endothelial cells within the tendon region at Week 4, Group II (immunoperoxidase staining, ×200 magnification). (e) Membranous TGF‐β1 staining in the tendon–muscle junction at Week 4, Group I, showing sparse immunopositivity (immunoperoxidase staining, ×400 magnification). (f) Cytoplasmic immunopositivity for BMP‐2 at the tendon–bone interface at Week 8, Group III (immunoperoxidase staining, ×400 magnification). BMP‐2, bone morphogenetic protein‐2; BMP‐7, bone morphogenetic protein‐7; TGF‐β1, transforming growth factor‐β1.

Article Snippet: For the purpose of histopathological evaluation, hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed in accordance with standard protocols, and for immunohistochemical analysis, antibodies against bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were obtained from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CD34 from Dako (Glostrup).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunoperoxidase Staining

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Genetic Engineering of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance BMP-2 Secretion via Signal Peptide Optimization

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14010076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the experimental workflow. The workflow illustrates key steps, including UC-MSCs isolation, plasmid construction, gene transfection and evaluation, secretome production, BMP-2 mRNA and protein quantifications, and secretome-BMP-2 functional assay in osteogenic differentiation of untransfected cells. (Created in BioRender. Fahdia, N. (2026). https://BioRender.com/2bdayt7 ).

Article Snippet: Quantification of BMP-2 protein in the secretome was performed using a human BMP-2 ELISA kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Functional Assay

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Genetic Engineering of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance BMP-2 Secretion via Signal Peptide Optimization

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14010076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Design of the plasmid incorporating a signal peptide in the BMP-2 sequence. The SP sequence is located at the N-terminus of the BMP-2 amino acid sequence and consists of the N-, H-, and C-regions. The SP sequence is directly fused to the BMP-2 sequence to facilitate efficient targeting into the secretory pathway.

Article Snippet: Quantification of BMP-2 protein in the secretome was performed using a human BMP-2 ELISA kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Genetic Engineering of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance BMP-2 Secretion via Signal Peptide Optimization

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14010076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of transfection efficiency, cell viability, and BMP-2 secretion in UC-MSCs transfected with different signal peptide constructs: ( A ) Representative brightfield and fluorescence microscopy images showing GFP expression. ( B ) Representative flow cytometry dot plots showing GFP-negative (untransfected) and GFP-positive (transfected) UC-MSC populations. ( C ) Quantitative analysis of GFP expression (%). ( D ) Cell viability (%) after transfection. ( E ) Relative BMP2 mRNA expression quantified by qRT-PCR and ( F ) BMP-2 protein secretion quantified by ELISA at 48 h post-transfection. ( G ) BMP-2 protein levels in UC-MSC secretome across serial passages. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***), p < 0.0001 (****).

Article Snippet: Quantification of BMP-2 protein in the secretome was performed using a human BMP-2 ELISA kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Transfection, Construct, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay